![]() ![]() exigua, and P450s or GSTs are not involved in this resistance. These results suggest that esterases might take pivotal role in conferring metabolic resistance to metaflumizone in the field populations of S. However, the inhibitor of P450s or GSTs only has slight synergism on metaflumizone toxicity against resistant populations, and there are no obvious differences in activities of P450s or GSTs between resistant populations and the susceptible strain. The activity of esterases in field populations (HZ12) is also significantly greater than that in the susceptible strain, and further significantly increased by challenge with metaflumizone for 3 generations. exigua collected from Huizhou, Guangdong Province in 20, respectively. The synergism ratio is 5.7 and 3.4-fold for S. The inhibitor of esterases greatly potentiates the toxicity of this chemical against the field resistant populations. The metabolic mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in this insect were analysed. exigua has developed high resistance to this novel chemistry insecticide shortly after 2–3 years application in Guangdong Province of China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 113 (2014) 8–14 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology journal homepage: Biochemical mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Xiangrui Tian, Xingxing Sun, Jianya Su ⇑ Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 20 March 2014 Accepted 23 June 2014 Available online 1 July 2014 Keywords: Spodoptera exigua Insecticide resistance Metaflumizone Flavin-containing monooxygenases Esterases a b s t r a c t The metaflumizone, which belongs to the class of voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, was registered to control Spodoptera exigua on vegetables in China in 2009.
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